The Government capped the benefits received by 27 families in South East Cornwall last year – despite telling them they were not expected to be looking for work.
Charity Child Poverty Action Group said the figures demonstrate the flaws in the Government's approach to capping benefits, which is designed to encourage more people into work.
The cap limits the Universal Credit of households who earn less than £658 a month. Claimants escape the cap if they can earn more.
Figures provided by the Department for Work and Pensions show there were 59 families having their benefits capped in the South East Cornwall constituency as of last August.
Of these, 27 of them were not expected to be in work by the DWP, either due to health problems or having caring duties – often for very young children.
Another 20 families were already working, but earning too little to be affected by the cap.
In South East Cornwall the benefit cap cuts the Universal Credit of affected families by an average of £184 a month.
The 59 families affected had 200 children, and included 56 single-parent families.
The figures were provided to the Child Poverty Action Group through Freedom of Information requests, which found more than one in three families across England, Scotland and Wales in receipt of Universal Credit are having their benefits capped while being expected to work – 37,970 in total.
The charity's chief executive Alison Garnham said the Universal Credit cap should be completely removed.
She said: "Our data demonstrates the fallacy that the benefit cap is a work incentive. How can it be when so many households caught by it are unable to take a job because of young children, caring responsibilities or health problems?
"It doesn’t incentivise work, it leaves children hungry.
"The Government’s position on the cap is incoherent. It must be removed before it harms more young lives."
The Government recently announced the benefit cap will be uprated in April by 10.1%, in line with inflation. This will mean that capped households can gain from annual benefit uprating for the first time since the cap was implemented in 2013.
But the benefit cap has not increased since it was introduced in 2013 and, in 2016, it was lowered.
CPAG said after April’s uprating the benefit cap will still be £225 a month lower in real terms than it was in 2016 due to it being frozen in previous years.
A spokesperson for the DWP said there were now 200,000 fewer children in absolute poverty after housing costs compared to 2019-2020, and that many of the most vulnerable were exempt from the benefit cap.
They added: “From next month the annual benefit cap for a single parent will be more than £25,000 in London and £22,000 elsewhere in Great Britain. It balances fairness for taxpayers with providing a vital safety net and is designed to provide a strong work incentive, by ensuring that work pays.
“Many of the most vulnerable claimants - including those who are in receipt of Universal Credit because of a disability or health condition that prevents them from working - are exempt from the cap.”